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  How To manage Diabetes? In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce the insulin required to regulate blood glucose levels. For this reason, all people with type 1 diabetes must inject insulin one or more times a day to control their blood glucose level. (Insulin is ineffective when swallowed because the enzymes of the digestive tract destroy it before it gets into the bloodstream). Insulin can be injected in different ways: by repeated injections under the skin (called subcutaneous injection) using a pen or syringe, or through a pump, which is worn on the belt and injects a continuous infusion of insulin through a small tube placed under the skin. Most people with diabetes administer their own insulin after learning the proper techniques. The goal is to give enough insulin to cover the amount of food especially carbohydrates that a person is consuming so that blood glucose levels remain close to normal throughout the day and night. Many factors include the type of insulin, the size of the person, the size, type and timing of meals, and the activity and exercise patterns of the person.
  People with type 1 diabetes learn to monitor their blood glucose levels at home. This is necessary to ensure that they are getting the right amount of insulin, since both too much and too little insulin can cause serious problems. Home glucose monitoring involves taking a small sample of blood from the fingertip, placing it on a special strip and waiting for a machine to read the glucose level. Home glucose monitoring is usually performed several times throughout the day, with insulin doses being adjusted as needed.
     
     
 

 
 

 

  
     
 

 
     
     
 

 
     
     
 

 
     
     
 

 
     
     
     
  HOW MUCH INSULIN DOES A CHILD NEED?  
  1 In the honey-moon period -It is likely to be 0.5unit pr Kg body weight per day
2 After the honeymoon period .insulin dose is about 1.10 unit per Kg BW per day.
3 During Puberty it may be about 1.3 to 1.4units per Kg BW per day. But on average insulin dose is around 1 unit per Kg BW per day.		  
     
     
     
 

 

 
     
     

 

 

 

 

Diabetes treatment
Tips for injecting insulin and preventing problems
Giving yourself insulin: The most common way to inject insulin is with a syringe and needle. You withdraw insulin from a bottle into a syringe; then inject the medication underneath your skin where it's absorbed into your bloodstream.Insulin may be injected into any area of your body where a layer of fatty tissue is present and where large blood vessels, nerves, muscles and bones aren't too close to the surface.Insulin is best injected into the abdomen because of quick and consistent absorption. Avoid the 2-inch circle around the navel, which doesn't absorb as well. Rotate the site of each injection as shown in the illustration. Your doctor or diabetes educator may recommend alternative areas for injection, such as the back of your upper arms, thighs or buttocks.
Preventing other common insulin problems:1. Buy all of your insulin from the same pharmacy. This helps ensure that you receive insulin from the same source and of the same type and concentration, unless your doctor advises a change. Check the expiration date on the package and always keep a spare bottle on hand.
2.Store your insulin in the refrigerator until it's opened. Let the insulin warm up to room temperature before you inject it, because cold insulin can cause discomfort when injected. After a bottle has been opened, it may be kept at room temperature for one month. Throw away your insulin after the expiration date or after being kept at room temperature for a month.
3.Avoid temperature extremes. Never freeze insulin or expose it to extremely hot temperatures or direct sunlight.
4. Look for changes in appearance. Throw away insulin that's discolored or contains solid particles.
5. Wear diabetes identification. Wear an identification necklace or bracelet that identifies you as an insulin user. In addition, carry an identification card that includes the name and phone number of your doctor and all the medications you're taking, including the kind of insulin. In case your blood sugar drops too low, this helps co-workers and others know how to respond.
6. Speak up. To avoid possible drug interactions or drug side effects, inform your dentist, pharmacist and those doctors that may not be familiar with your medical history that you take insulin.
7. Check all medications. Before taking any medication other than your insulin, including over-the-counter products, read the warning label. If the label says you shouldn't take the drug if you have diabetes, consult your doctor before taking it.
8. Get help for allergic reactions. In rare instances, insulin injections may cause you to experience breathing or swallowing problems. If this occurs, you may be having a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. This is a medical emergency — call 911 or go to an emergency room immediately.
 
Syringe and needle:
Many people choose to inject insulin with disposable syringes and needles. You withdraw insulin from a bottle into a syringe, and then inject the medication in the layer of fat under your skin — often in the abdomen. Insulin syringes come in various sizes to match insulin dosage. Needles also come in varying lengths.
Pros: Disposable syringes and needles are inexpensive. Injections are quick, once you get the hang of it. Syringes with large print are available if needed.
Cons: Withdrawing insulin from a bottle may not be discreet, and it's challenging if you don't see well or your fingers are numb, stiff or shaky.
 
Disposable insulin pen: A disposable insulin pen resembles an ink pen. The cartridge is pre-filled with insulin, and the tip is a needle. You turn a dial to mark the amount of insulin you need and press a plunger to inject the insulin. You attach a new needle for each injection. When the insulin is gone, you discard the entire pen.
Pros: Disposable insulin pens are convenient, discreet and easier to use than a syringe and needle.
Cons: Disposable insulin pens cost more than syringes and needles. You may need to give yourself two injections if you use more than one type of insulin.